Which physiological change occurs in animals as a result of adrenaline release?

The release of adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, triggers several physiological changes that are part of the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for rapid action in stressful situations. One of the primary effects is an increase in heart rate, which enhances the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, particularly muscles. This heightened blood flow ensures that muscles can perform at their best during stress or danger, enabling quick responses.

In addition to increased heart rate, adrenaline causes blood flow to redirect from less critical areas, such as the digestive organs, to the muscles. This redirection optimizes physical performance by providing the necessary resources where they are most needed during a stressful event. These changes collectively prepare the animal for immediate physical activity, supporting survival in demanding situations.

The other options do not accurately capture the physiological changes associated with adrenaline release. For example, a decrease in heart rate and energy levels, increased blood flow to digestive organs, and dilation of blood vessels in the skin do not align with the fight or flight response triggered by adrenaline.