What is the concept of kin selection in evolutionary biology?

Kin selection is a key concept in evolutionary biology that describes the process through which certain behaviors are favored because they benefit genetic relatives. This concept is rooted in the idea that by helping relatives, an individual can increase the likelihood that shared genes are passed on to the next generation. This is particularly important in social species where individuals may sacrifice their own reproductive success to ensure the survival and reproductive success of their kin, driven by the shared genetic material they have in common.

For instance, an individual might engage in behaviors that protect or nurture siblings, thereby increasing their chances of survival and, subsequently, the likelihood that those relatives will pass on genes that are also present in the helper. This can be seen in many animal species where parental care or altruistic behaviors are directed toward close family members.

The other options describe different behavioral or ecological strategies that don’t specifically tie to the concept of kin selection. Helping unrelated individuals does not take kinship into account, nor does pursuing solitary reproductive strategies or competing for resources directly address the evolutionary advantage gained through assisting relatives.